Informatics Publishing Limited

N. Syam Prasad , K. S. Reddy

Abstract

Elephants returned to Andhra Pradesh in 1984 after a gap of 200 years and started living in dry deciduous forests in southern-most parts of Chittoor District. Initially elephants caused considerable damage to man and crops. In retaliation, man killed 12 elephants. With advent of Joint Forest Management practices, development programmes including Project Elephant scheme are implemented mostly through peoples participation in Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary. Gap planting, Water harvesting structures, plugging of entry across vulnerable borders, awareness campaign and good communication facilities yielded encouraging results in mitigating man-elephant conflict and increased elephant population year after year.

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K. S. Reddy ¹, A. N. Raju ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, SN Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, IN

Abstract

The physical and textural properties of solis from termite mounds of Podlh and Talupula (endemic fluorosis areas) of Andhra Pradesh were studied and compared with corresponding adjacent termite free solis It was found that mounds had significantly higher sand content, Increased organic matter and lower bulk density Gram size parameters, viz, mean, median, sorting, and kurtosis are showing lower values in termite soiIs than the adjacent soils.

Keywords

Termite Mounds, Textures, Physical Properties, Prakasam and Anantapur Disticts, Andhra Pradesh.

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K. S. Reddy ¹, M. Kumar ¹, V. Maruthi ¹, B. Umesha ¹, Vijayalaxmi ¹, C. V. K. Nageswar Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad 500 059, IN

Abstract

Weather-generating models are widely used for studying the climate change over longer periods. LARS-WG model was evaluated for southern Telangana region (Hayathnagar, Yacharam and Rajendranagar). A 30- year base weather data (1980-2010) was used to generate the long-term weather series from 2011 to 2060. The results of t and F tests at probability of 5% for comparing means and standard deviations of monthly rainfall and air temperatures indicated that the observed and predicted series for the base period are within acceptable limits. The statistics of model efficiency indicates that mean monthly rainfall and daily air temperature are close to the predicted series over the base period. The model efficiency was highest in the case of Rajendranagar (98.75%). The ischolar_main mean square error and sum of square error varied from 0.4 to 1.3 mm and 615 to 1745 mm respectively. The model predicted the maximum increase in average annual rainfall of 5.16% in 2030 and 9.5% in 2060 for Yacharam compared to Hayathnagar and Rajendranagar over the normal annual rainfall of the base period (1980-2010). However, the model predicted increase in average seasonal rainfall for Hayathnagar (6.2% in 2030 and 8.8% in 2060). In case of air temperature, the model predicted increase in maximum temperature in the range 1-1.53% and 2.5% for 2030 and 2060 respectively, for these locations whereas minimum temperature decreased in the range 3.7-10.2% and 6.3- 11.7% respectively, for 2030 and 2060. The performance of LARS-WG model was ranked high with maximum model efficiency in all selected mandals of Ranga Reddy district in southern Telangana. This model can be replicated in other mandals of southern Telangana as climate characteristics of the present mandals are similar to other districts in the region.

Keywords

Climate Change, Rainfall, Temperature, Weather-Generating Models.

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K. S. Reddy ¹, M. Kumar ¹, V. Maruthi ², B. Umesha ¹, Vijayalaxmi ¹, C. V. K. Nageswar Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Resource Management, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Saidabad, Hyderabad 500 059, IN
2 Division of Crop Science, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santhoshnagar, Saidabad, Hyderabad 500 059, IN

Abstract

Water application systems under wells extracting groundwater are one of the major factors influencing climate change in the agricultural sector. In the context of growing demand for adaption of pressurized irrigation with electric pumps in South Central India, the present study was undertaken to assess the carbon dioxide emission (CO₂ e) for different irrigation systems. The crop water requirements and pumpsets prevailing in the area were considered for estimation of CO₂ e. The estimation includes operational energy consumption, well digging, installation and manufacturing of the irrigation system as well as the pumpsets. The irrigation systems used in major crops under wells include surface (rice, maize, groundnut, vegetables and sugarcane), raingun (maize, groundnut, vegetables and sugarcane), sprinkler (maize, groundnut and vegetables) and drip (vegetable and sugarcane). The analysis indicated that the energy used in pumping irrigation water made the highest contribution to total CO₂ e footprint, which ranged from 2.52 to 15.72 t/ha depending on the irrigation system. Sugarcane crop showed maximum energy requirement (17.27 MWh/ha) under surface irrigation system, contributing 15.72 t/ha CO₂ e. Maximum reduction in energy requirement and CO₂ e was recorded in the case of drip (11.52 MWh/ha; 10.48 t/ha) system followed by sprinkler (12.58 MWh/ha; 11.52 t/ha) and raingun (14.81 MWh/ha; 13.47 t/ha) under tube wells. It was observed that among all the irrigation systems, the drip system gave the lowest CO₂ e indicating the maximum climate change mitigation potential in the irrigation sector of selected region under wells.

Keywords

Carbon Dioxide Emission, Climate Change, Groundwater, Pressurized Irrigation, Tube and Dug Wells.

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C. Rangarajan , Raaj Kumar Sah , K. S. Reddy

Abstract

When the price of a commodity increases, it has an impact on the prices of other commodities through the inter-industry dynamics. Earlier studies in this lield have attempted to trace, for example the effect of an increase in indirect taxes on certain commodities on the prices of the non-taxed commodities through the use of input-output table. The underlying assumption of all these studies is that the price of a commodity increases when prices of the inputs that go into the production of a commodity increase. In this paper we have attempted to present a methodology by which the impact of the increase in the price of one commodity on others can be calculated under a situation where the prices of specific commodities are not allowed to rise even though input prices go up.

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K. S. Reddy ¹, M. Kumar ¹, V. Maruthi ², P. Lakshminarayana ¹, Vijayalakshmi ¹, B. Umesha ¹, Y. V. K. Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Resource Management, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500 059, IN
2 Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500 059, IN

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is predominantly grown as a commercial crop in river basins of lower Krishna, Telangana, South India. A long-term crop water balance analysis for maize in two sowing windows (normal sowing: 20 June; late sowing: 25 July) was done for A1b climate change scenario using the downscaled climate data from the GCM model ECHAM5. The crop water balance parameters such as rainfall, effective rainfall, crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation requirements of maize during the two sowing windows were estimated using the CROPWAT model for the base period (1961-90) and long-term period (2011-50; mid-century). In the normal sowing window of maize, there was significant variation in the decadal crop ET (24% to 28%) and irrigation requirements (-7% to 26%) having increasing trend during 2011-2050 over base period. The amount of average decadal rainfall and effective rainfall decreased during 2011-2050 in the range 6% to -23% and 10% to -7% respectively, over the base period. The decadal average rainfall and effective rainfall showed increasing trends of 147-151% and 96-110% respectively, over base period in late sowing window. Also, the crop ET and irrigation requirements exhibited a decreasing trend. The study indicates a shift in the seasonal rainfall in normal sowing window during June to July and it extends up to October and November after the season, indicating more rainfall in late sowing window of maize and scope for rainwater harvesting in the lower Krishna river basin for sustaining maize production.

Keywords

Climate Change, Crop Evapotranspiration, Effective Rainfall, Irrigation Water Requirement, Maize.

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K. S. Reddy ¹, P. K. Pankaj ¹, N. N. Reddy ¹, N. S. Raju ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad, Hyderabad-500 059 (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is an effective tool to understand the technology adoption profile in a cropping system, to get first-hand information about their needs, resources available, identify location-specific problems and researchable issues and ultimately to come up with tangible possible solutions drawn as an action plan. The present study was undertaken in Zamistapur (16.69N, 77.95E), Chowdarpally (16.71N, 77.94E), Telugu Gudem (16.68N, 77.94E) and Kodur Thanda (16.68N, 77.93E) villages of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana State. The PRA tools used include transect walk, agro-ecological mapping, social mapping, seasonal calendar, gender analysis, livelihood analysis, technology mapping, consequence diagram, problem-solving tree, etc. The major constraints identified were frequent droughts, soil salinity, water scarcity/groundwater availability at high depth, drinking water quality, erratic electricity supply, non-availability of labourers for agricultural activities, lack of quality germplasm of livestock, wild boar damage to crops, etc. Based on the problems identified, suitable solutions were arrived in consultation with subject matter experts and progressive farmers. There is need to address the problem of water scarcity, frequent droughts, insect and pest problems by the use of integrated watershed development, resource prioritisation and utilisation efficiency, use of IPM technologies, capacity building of farmers about relevant technologies, etc. This would certainly result in upliftment of the social status of the people as well as overall development of agriculture and rural livelihood as a whole. The researchable issues focused on the means to develop soil and water conservation plan trials on different cropping patterns/systems including rice/sorghum as main crop and short duration pulse and other vegetables so as to break the mono-cropping of rice and sorghum. Moreover, suitable extension programmes may be formulated and implemented with a problem solving approach considering the local resources and skill available within the farming community.

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Ratan Kumar M. ¹, K. S. Reddy ¹, A. Gopala Reddy ¹, Rajasekhar A. Reddy ², Anjaneyulu Y. ³, Dilip G. Reddy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, IN
2 College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Andhra Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, IN
4 Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, IN

Abstract

A total of 225 day-old sexed male broiler chicks (Vencobb strain) were divided randomly into 15 groups consisting of 15 chicks in each group to study the toxicity of lead on hepatocytes. Group 1 was maintained on basal diet, group 2 on polyherbal formulation (PHF; stressroak), group 3 on shilajith, group 4 on amla and group 5 on vit E + Se. Group 6 was maintained on lead for 6 weeks and group 7 on lead for 4 weeks and subsequently on basal diet without lead for the remaining 2 weeks. Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 were given lead along with PHF, shilajith, amla and vit E + Se, respectively, throughout 6 weeks. Groups 12, 13, 14 and 15 were given lead containing diet for the first 4 weeks and subsequently treated with PHF, shilajith, amla and vit E + Se, respectively, for the remaining 2 weeks. The activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the toxic control groups at the end of 4^th week as compared to group 1. However, following treatment, there was a significant (P<0.05) reversal in groups 12–15. The activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺ATPase, Mg²⁺ATPase and CYP₄₅₀ was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the liver of toxic control groups 6 and 7 as compared to groups1 through 5, which had the maximum activity of all the groups. Groups 8 through 15 revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the activity of these hepatocytic enzymes. The histological sections of the liver in lead toxic control (group 6) showed moderate focal lymphoid aggregates in liver, whereas the lesions were mild to moderate in treated groups and there were no observable lesions in plain control groups. The study revealed protective effect of PHF (stressroak), shilajith, amla and vit E + Se in lead-induced hepatocytic damage.

Keywords

ATPase, broilers, CYP₄₅₀, lead, hepatotoxicity

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K. Mamatha ¹, S. Neelima ², K. S. Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Professor, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, IN
2 Secretary, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

Academia and Industry are the two distinct realms, running with diversified goals and aspirations. In the recent arena, it is perceived that there must be strong synergy or alliance between these two for the benefit of both the business and environment needs. Hence, there is a need for the industry to engage and play an active role in academia. Many industries today are facing serious crunch in talent pool. Students who are graduating from institutions are not industry ready. Hence, it is perceived that, the industry needs to play a role in transforming the graduates as industry ready. Several industries have been practicing various industry-academia collaboration programs to enable faculty and students. However, this doesn’t yield encouraging results. This paper outlines the synergy between industry academia for enhanced employability, the focus areas of industry – academic collaboration and role of industry and academia to meet the business and environmental needs. Further, experimental results are presented.

Keywords

Academia, Industry, Quality Education, Training.

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V. Maruthi ¹, K. S. Reddy ¹, P. K. Pankaj ¹, A. G. K. Reddy ¹, G. Srikrishna ¹, S. M. Vidya Sekhar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500 059, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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K. S. Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, K.S. Reddy, Pune 411004, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

Keywords

No Keywords.

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